Evaluation of the Attitudes of Users Towards Youth Centers in Turkey

This is an assessment of the Youth Centers (YC) of the Ministry of Youth and Sports (MYS) in Turkey. The users evaluated the youth centers considering the physical environments as well as the activities and programs offered by the centers in educational, pedagogical, social, psychological, physiological and relaxing terms. The sample of the study consists of YC users in Diyarbakır, Kırıkkale, Kocaeli, Trabzon, and Van. A total of 561 volunteers, 359 (64%) of whom were women and 202 (36%) were men, (mean age 16-19 (38.5%)) participated in the study voluntarily. In addition to the personal information form, as the data collection tool, a scale designed by the researchers for the measurement of users’ attitudes towards youth centers was employed. The scale was developed from the “Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS) designed by Beard and Ragheb (1980). When the results regarding the attitudes of users towards YCs were evaluated, the highest mean was found to be in the psychological sub-factor (x = 3.84 ± 1.11). The results of the T-test analysis showed that male users evaluated the YCs more positively than female users in the physiological sub-factor (p<0,05). ANOVA and Tukey analyses were performed to see whether there were significant differences between the provinces where the research was conducted. The users in Kırıkkale and Kocaeli, in general, have more positive attitudes towards educational, social, relaxing, physiological aspects of the programs and activities and physical environments of the youth centers than those in Van and Trabzon particularly (p<0,05)

PERCEPTION OF SPATIAL VARIATION IN ACTIVITIES PREPARED BY GIS IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION

In this study, it is aimed to give students the ability to perceive spatial variation and to reveal the impact of the activities on students' course success by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in geography education. The study group consisted of a total of 60 students attending to the 10th grade of secondary school in 2018-2019 academic year, which was determined by appropriate sampling method in Berat Hayriye Cömertoğlu Anatolian High School in Alanya district of Turkey. In this quantitative study, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research model was used. The courses were taught with traditional methods and GIS based activity techniques for the control and experimental groups, respectively. The data were collected with the help of the subject achievement test prepared by the researchers in accordance with the expert opinions in the field. At the end of the posttest, data were analyzed by performing t-test in SPSS 22.0. As a result, it was determined that the courses taught with GIS based activities gave students a higher level of perception of spatial variation skills compared to the courses taught with traditional methods. Also, it was clarified that the students in the course which were taught with GIS based activities were more successful. &nbsp

Double binary turbo codes analysis and decoder implementation

Ankara : The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and the Institute of Engineering and Sciences of Bilkent University, 2008.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2008.Includes bibliographical references leaves 60-61.Classical Turbo Code presented in 1993 by Berrau et al. received great attention due to its near Shannon Limit decoding performance. Double Binary Circular Turbo Code is an improvement on Classical Turbo Code and widely used in today’s communication standards, such as IEEE 802.16 (WIMAX) and DVBRSC. Compared to Classical Turbo Codes, DB-CTC has better error-correcting capability but more computational complexity for the decoder scheme. In this work, various methods, offered to decrease the computational complexity and memory requirements of DB-CTC decoder in the literature, are analyzed to find the optimum solution for the FPGA implementation of the decoder. IEEE 802.16 standard is taken into account for all simulations presented in this work and different simulations are performed according to the specifications given in the standard. An efficient DB-CTC decoder is implemented on an FPGA board and compared with other implementations in the literature.Yılmaz, ÖzlemM.S

Causation and Explanation in Phenotype Research

A phenome occurs through the many pathways of the complex net of interaction between the phenome and its environment; therefore researching and understanding how it arises requires investigation into many possible causes that are in constant interaction with each other. The most comprehensive investigations in biology are the ones in which many biologists from different sub-areas—evolutionary biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, physiology, genetics, epigenetics, ecology—have collaborated. Still, biologists do not always need to collaborate or look for the most comprehensive explanations. A more standard investigation in biology occurs within a single subarea, and uses well-defined experiments with very specific conditions. This paper is about causation and related explanation in plant phenome research and its relevance to Aristotle’s Theory of Four Causes. I argue that there are causes which resemble Aristotle’s formal, material, and efficient causes in phenotype explanation and occurrence; but causes which resemble Aristotle’s final causes occur in phenotype explanation only, not in the occurrence

State Estimatation in Smart Grids

Avrupa Metroloji Araştırma Programı (EMRP) altında 2013 yılında açılan “Enerji ve Çevre Çağrısı” kapsamında “ENG63 Sensor Network Metrology for the Determination of Electrical Grid Charecteristics (Elektriksel Şebeke Karakteristiklerinin Belirlenmesi İçin Sensör Ağ Metrolojisi)” isimli bir proje başlatılmıştır. Bu proje, 2013 yılında tamamlanan “Smart Electrical Grid for Metrology” isimli EMRP projesinin devamı niteliğinde bir projedir. Bu proje ile geliştirilen matematiksel ve istatiksel prosedürler ve güvenlik ölçümleri, şebekenin monitör edilmesi ve kontrolünün sağlanması amacıyla kullanılan sensör ağlarının ileri seviyede ölçümleri için gereklidir. Bu prosedürler, yüksek maliyette cihaz ihtiyacını da azaltacaktır. Ayrıca, mevcut şebekelerin yapısının belirlenmesi ve dağıtım hatları ve kontrollü yüklerde kullanımının optimize edilmesi amacıyla yeni teknikler geliştirilecektir. Proje kapsamında, TÜBİTAK UME diğer Metroloji Enstitüleri ile birlikte çeşitli iş paketlerini paylaşacak ve geliştirilecek olan şebeke durum tahmini ve sensör yerleşim algoritmalarının farklı elektrik şebekelerinde test edilmesini sağlayacaktır. Bu bildiride, “Sensor Network Metrology for the Determination of Electrical Grid Charecteristics” projesi kapsamında yapılacak olan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilecektir. A project named “ENG63 Sensor Network Metrology for the Determination of Electrical Grid Characteristics” has just started in the frame of Energy and Envoriment call in European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) 2013. This project is a follow-up project of another EMRP project named "Smart Electrical Grid for Metrology" which was completed on 2013. Mathematical and statistical procedures and security measures are required for advanced measurement sensor networks used for grid monitoring and control. Such procedures will minimize the need for costly instrumentation. In addition, techniques must be developed to determine the structure of existing grids and to optimise their use of distributed generation and controllable loads. In this project, TÜBİTAK UME will colloborate in some work packages with other National Metrology Institutes and will provide testing of state estimatation and sensor placement algoritms in different distrubution grids. In this paper, the aim, need, workpages and the deliverables of the "Sensor Network Metrology for the Determination of Electrical Grid Characteristics" project will be given

Shear capacity of post-installed anchors according to ACI318 and TS500

Applications of strengthening works have accelerated gradually due to earthquakes in recent years. Different strengthening methods are being used in order to bring the structures with insufficient strength to those levels specified by current codes. In most of the applications, the bonding between the new structural elements and the concrete of the old structure is established with the chemical anchors. Although they are used widespread in the practice, there are not any sufficient details in Turkish Standards for the design and application of these anchors. In this work, a comparison of ACI318 and the Turkish Standards for anchor shear strength is given. As the result, it has been concluded that there are vital differences between ACI and the Turkish Standards and that an immediate revision is needed for the Turkish Standards

Türkiye Türkçe'sinde gerçekleşmemiş olanak kipi (Konyunktif, Subjonktif)*

Kiplik (modalite), anlatım içeriğinin gerçekle bağıntısını, konuşanın anlatım içeriği üzerine tutumunu yansıtan ve dünya dillerinde kiplik sözcüğü (modal sözcük), yaraç (partikel), söz dizimsel yapı, ton (intonasyon), sözcük sırası, kip (mod) gibi çeşitli dil araçlarıyla iletilen anlamsal (kavramsal) bir ulamdır. Kip, kiplik anlamlarının şekil bilimsel (dil bilgisel) yöntemle ifade edilmesidir. Gerçekleş(tiril)memiş olanak kipi ise eylemin gerçekleşmesi gerekli, mümkün veya muhtemel iken aslında gerçekleşmediğini, yani anlatım içeriğinin gerçeğe denk düşmediğini bildiren bir kiptir. Türkiye Türkçesinde gerçekleşmemiş olanak kipi şekilleri, -(E/İ)r idi (olumsuzu -mEz idi) ve -(y)EcEk idi’dir. İşte bu makalede söz konusu şekiller ele alınmakta ve incelenmektedir

Evolution and level of agricultural support in Turkey and in the European Union

The developments of agricultural support policies in Turkey and in the European Union are different from each other. When the EU was applying protectionist policies, Turkey was on the way of liberalising its economy in 1980s. After Uruguay Round (1995), developed countries took steps for reducing protectionist policies in agriculture for the first time. As Turkey and European Union were signatories of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, they reduced their support levels. Despite the successful reforms and WTO (World Trade Organization) commitments, support level in the European Union remained high. Only in the last years, producer support estimate had a decreasing trend. Instead, Turkey increased the support policy that requires production and so producer support estimate increased after 2000. While the support level is not as high as in the EU, producer support estimate is at EU and OECD levels in the last years. This paper, so as to contribute to the literature, examines the agricultural support policies and levels in Turkey and in the European Union for better understanding the differences between them. In this regard, the aim of the paper is to develop an approach to comment on the differences in agricultural policies by comparing them and on the protection levels between Turkey and European Union by using Producer Support Estimate of OECD

Bir dil alt dizgesi olarak söz dizimi ve birimleri

Grekçe sỳntaxis (söz dizimi), “kuruluş, düzen” anlamına gelir ve ilk defa bu terim, M.Ö. 3. yy.’da Stoikler tarafından anlatımların mantıksal içeriğiyle ilgili olarak kullanılır. Ancak söz dizimi kategorilerine, daha, erken Grek düşünürleri (Protagoras, Platon, Aristoteles vb., sonraları Stoikler) ilgi duyar ve bu düşünürler tarafından sözün mantıksal çözümlemesi yapılır. İlk söz dizimsel çalışmalar, (1) bildirişim amaçlarına göre anlatımların sınıflandırılması, (2) tümcenin ana/temel parçalara ayrılması, (3) birleşik söz dizimsel kuruluşların parçaları arasındaki bağıntıların belirlenmesi alanlarında yapılır. Geleneksel dil bilgisi ve dil bilimi çalışmalarında ise söz dizimi, temel olarak üç anlamda kullanılır: 1) Konusu, tümce ve öbek olan dil bilgisi/dil bilimi dalı; 2) Farklı kelime türlerinin söz alanında işleyiş özellikleri üzerine öğreti; 3) Öbek tipleri ve öbek ve tümce kuruluş modelleri topluluğu. Görüldüğü üzere, hem erken söz dizimsel çalışmalar, hem de geleneksel söz dizimi, dil değil, söz olgularını, özellikle de tümceleri inceler, yani söz alanıyla uğraşır. Oysa çağdaş dil bilimi açısından söz dizimi, her bir bireyin zihninde nesnel olarak bulunan, monemlerden/dilsel göstergelerden oluşan dil dizgesinin bir alt dizgesidir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada tartışılan, bir dil dizgesi bileşeni olan söz diziminin dağarcık/envanter ve yapı/strüktürel birimlerinin ne olduğu meselesidir. Anlatım, tümce, öbek gibi birimler, bu makalede dil (içi) değil, söz alanına ait oluşumlar olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada söz diziminin dağarcık birimlerinin, söz dizimsel sözcük birimleri; strüktürel birimlerinin ise yapılar olduğu tezi işlenmektedir. Söz dizimsel sözcük birimleri, söz alanındaki tek göstergeli/parçalı veya konuşucu tarafından tek bir gösterge/ kelime gibi algılanan oluşumların zihindeki imgeleri/tasarımları; yapılar ise, söz düzeyindeki öbeklerin zihni eş değerleridir

Ortaokullarda Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamaları Tutum Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

The aim of this study is to develop an attitude scale that will help to determine attitudes of secondary school students towards the use of augmented reality applications in education. With this aim, the Augmented Reality Applications Attitude Scale (ARAAS), which is developed in this study, has been presented. The ARAAS's validity and reliability studies have been done with 167 students (84 male, 83 female), which are studying in the 5th grade of 7 different secondary schools in Erzurum. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis applied to provide construct validity of the scale, a construct consisted of 15 items and 3 factors has been attained. The results of confirmatory factor analysis carried out to understand whether this construct adjusts very well to this construct's sample data obtained has shown the adjustment to the sample that the scale applied on is at a reasonable level. The ARAAS's internal consistency reliability coefficient has been found as .83 for the whole scale. Those results show that ARAAS is a valid and reliable measurement tool.Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin eğitimde Artırılmış Gerçeklik (AG) uygulamalarının kullanılmasına yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesini sağlayacak tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada, geliştirilen Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamaları Tutum Ölçeği (AGUTÖ) sunulmuştur. AGUTÖ’ nün geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları Erzurum ilindeki 7 farklı ortaokulun 5.sınıfında öğrenim görmekte olan 167 öğrenci (84 erkek, 83 kız) üzerinde yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini sağlamak amacıyla yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 15 maddeden oluşan üç faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu yapının örneklem verisine iyi uyum gösterip göstermediğini anlamak amacıyla yürütülen doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları ise ölçeğin uygulandığı örnekleme uyumunun kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir. AGUTÖ’nün iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı ölçeğin tamamı için .83 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar AGUTÖ’nün geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir